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White Papers
Optimizing Oracle RMAN and ASM Environments with FalconStor VTL and Integrated Deduplication
The importance of adequate backup and disaster recovery (DR) for Oracle databases cannot be emphasized enough. These databases continue to grow and drive additional business processes throughout enterprises of all sizes. But with all the challenges that IT faces – such as budget constraints, distributed data centers, ever-growing bandwidth and storage capacity needs, and trying to maintain consistent Oracle high availability – backup and DR procedures have become complex and costly.
Download Link
| Manufacturer: | FalconStor |
| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Storage |
The High Performance Data Center: The Role of Ethernet in Consolidation and Virtualization
While the 90s were about information, today is about answers. Answers drive our society. Whether you are a search engine, a Fortune 500 company, or a researcher at a national laboratory, answers are your business and the ability to provide them quickly and cost effectively is a distinct competitive advantage.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Research |
The Role of Buffer Management in Controlling the Effects of Congestion over 10 GbE Links
This white paper describes the rationale for providing switch/routers with port buffers that are scaled to the expected delay-bandwidth product (DBP). DBP-sized buffers, together with RED congestion avoidance, can be used to optimize the utilization of congested links by TCP applications.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
The Hardware Abstraction Layer
A generally acknowledged ""best practice"" for simplifying the management of network infrastructures is to reduce the number of different types of devices and software versions that are deployed. However, no single family of devices can scale to meet the diverse needs of the wiring closets, data centers and network cores across the range of sites typically found in large organizations.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
The Force10 E-Series Architecture
The Force10 E-Series provides the unmatched scalability, line-rate performance, and full L2 switching and L3 routing functionality essential for today’s most demanding network applications. The Force10 E-Series architecture reliably delivers these capabilities to the E-Series at never-before-realized price/performance ratios. To provide this unprecedented combination of power and economy, the E-Series architecture leverages innovations in switch-fabric, backplane, Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and system-controlplane design.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
The Case for a Unified Network Fabric
Historically, technology innovation began in the enterprise, where the IT organization would evaluate and slowly integrate it into corporate business processes. A subset of that technology would then make its way to consumers. Today, the cycle has largely reversed (Figure 1). Now technology innovation increasingly tends to occur in the home first, then makes its way into the enterprise via the employees, not the IT organization.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Technology |
Real-Time Applications over the IP Network: IP Telephony and Video Conferencing
VoIP technology has reached a point of maturity where the IP is now the preferred enterprise telephony solution, with significantly more IP PBX lines shipped per year than TDM PBX lines, according to IDC. Many of the early adopters of VoIP have been organizations that can realize considerable savings and greatly improved productivity from a unified communications strategy integrating voice and data applications
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Technology |
Describing the Force10 E-Series Architecture: Technology for Reliability and Scalability for High-Performance Ethernet
The Force10 Networks E-Series Architecture delivers breakthrough scalability and capacity – the result of technological advances and innovations in the design of switch fabrics, ASICs, a unique passive backplane, and revolutionary system control plane.Working together, the E-Series architecture and Force10 Operating System (FTOS™) in combination delivers the full potential and performance of 10 Gigabit Ethernet at the simplicity and low cost expected for Ethernet economics.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Technology |
Internet Service Provider Networks: Simplifying POP Architectures
While some previous estimates of the Internet’s growth rate were exaggerated, market research firms now generally agree that Internet bandwidth consumption is growing at about 100% per year. Based on its research, IDC expects this growth rate to persist until 2007, with aggregate traffic growing from an estimated 180 petabits/day in 2002 to 5,175 petabits/day by the end of 2007.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Research |
Service Oriented Architecture for Distributed Application Architecture
The term ""Service Oriented Architecture"" (SOA) refers to a style of distributed application architecture in which key business applications and data are decomposed into discrete components, or ""services,"" that have particular relevance for various business processes. The services can then be used as building blocks to create new ""composite"" applications that model new or more complex business processes. An SOA can also be compatible with the existing portfolio of business applications. For example, business process-related segments of legacy applications can be exposed as services that can be accessed by client systems or other applications/services.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Server Consolidation and Remote Disaster Recovery:
To minimize TCO for server / data center consolidation and optimize disaster recovery and backup operations, enterprises must carefully consider the real costs of using older generations of switches compared to the economies and new functionalities
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Next-Generation Switch/Router Diagnostics and Debugging
The goal for a next-generation diagnostics and debugging system for switch/routers is to improve system uptime and availability by preventing the occurrence of certain types of hard errors (increasing system MTBF) and by improving fault isolation and resolution time (reducing MTTR). These improvements can be realized by augmenting traditional reactive diagnostics with proactive, autonomous components that can run in the background or can be triggered by events rather than being initiated under operator command.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Next Generation Terabit Switch/Routers: Transforming Network Architectures
Ethernet networks are being called upon to deliver unprecedented volumes of increasingly diverse traffic. Real-time application traffic (including VoIP, network storage, and cluster/Grid interconnect) is highly sensitive to latency and jitter. Enterprise data applications, such as ERP and CRM, often require high priority to protect them from packet loss. Other applications, such as network video and data backups, are not very sensitive to latency or packet loss, but are bandwidth intensive.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Storage |
Internet Exchanges: Moving to 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Internet Exchanges (IX points, or IXs), sometimes also known as Network Access Points (NAPs) or Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs), are facilities designed expressly to simplify interconnection (BGP peering and traffic exchange) among independent ISPs and other carriers. In addition to this core function, the IX may also provide content providers with localized content hosting and enterprises with opportunities for redundant or diverse Internet access. The typical IX maintains its neutrality by not being owned or operated by any single ISP or by a transit provider.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Managing Data Center Power and Cooling
As server microprocessors become more powerful in accordance with Moore’s Law, they also consume more power and generate more heat. Similar geometric improvement in disk storage technology has driven rapid growth of on line data, using mass storage systems that often consume as much power as the servers themselves. With the rapid growth in computing power and storage capacity, typical data center power consumption (kWh) and power density (kWh/sq. ft.) are both spiraling upward, placing a strain on many existing data center power distribution and cooling systems.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Storage |
| Sector: | Technology |
Low Latency 10 GbE Switching for Data Center, Cluster and Storage Interconnect
As the data center continues to evolve to meet rapidly escalating demands for higher levels of performance and resource virtualization, three rather distinct networking requirements have emerged. As shown in Figure 1, the typical server in a high performance data center may require connection to three switching fabrics: a LAN for connecting users and general networking, an inter-processor communications (IPC) fabric for low latency message passing between compute cluster applications, and a storage fabric for access to shared storage/file resources.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Networking |
| Technology: | Storage |
IP Storage over 10 Gigabit Ethernet
The term ""IP storage"" refers to storage networks that access data resources over IP/Ethernet rather than direct attached Storage (DAS) devices. IP Storage is also an alternative to special-purpose storage area networks (SANs) based on storage-specific networking protocols, such as the fibre channel protocol (FCP).
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Networking |
| Technology: | Storage |
Hot-Lock™ Access Control List (ACL) Technology Intrusion Prevention without Security Holes
Comprehensive network security often requires system administrators to update Access Control List (ACL) entries of a switch/router frequently to prevent newly discovered or pending attacks from affecting the network or networking equipment. Traditionally, because of the manner in which competing network vendors design their switch/router operating software, updating an ACL involves a two-step procedure. This can temporarily create security holes that leave the network vulnerable to attack when applying new or modified ACL to an interface.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Networking |
| Sector: | Technology |
Performance, Simplicity, and Cost-effectiveness Push High-Performance Ethernet into the Enterprise
Performance, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness have made Ethernet the networking technology of choice in the Enterprise. Each new generation of Ethernet has proven this value proposition to be a constant. And with the increasing volume of data traffic in the enterprise, the decision has already been made: 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) will be the next backbone technology. High-performance 10 GbE from Force10 Networks gives Enterprises the functionality and scalability they need to build their next-generation backbones cost-effectively.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Networking |
| Sector: | Technology |
High Availability in the Force10 Networks E-Series
While evolving to meet the needs of telecommunications carriers, each generation of switch and router platforms has benefited from successive improvements in hardware and software availability. Force10 has taken high availability to the next level in the design of the E-Series to keep pace with the exponentially increasing volumes of mission-critical traffic in today’s networks.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Future-proofing the Wiring Closet with Resilient and Scalable Modular Switch/Routers
Wiring closets in the enterprise LAN are undergoing a number of significant changes. Perhaps the most important transition stems from the emergence of the enterprise IP network and IP/Ethernet LAN as the converged infrastructure for both data networking applications and real-time communications applications. This convergence is driven not only by the cost reductions achievable through network consolidation, but also by the productivity gains that can be achieved through innovative linkages among communication and data applications, resulting in converged applications such as unified messaging. As application convergence gains further momentum, the LAN infrastructure must continue to evolve to support a widening range of real-time applications, including:
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Networking |
Evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol that is the basis for the IEEE standard 802.1D was designed to provide ""plug-and-play"" operation for large Layer 2 networks based on half duplex shared Ethernet, which was the prevalent LAN technology throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. As Ethernet evolved to become a switched full duplex technology, it soon became evident that 802.1D needed to be upgraded in order to keep pace with the new design models and switch features (e.g., VLANs) that emerged to allow optimization of switched networks.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Technology |
Ethernet in the World’s Top500 Supercomputers
The world’s most powerful supercomputers continue to get faster. According to top500.org, which maintains the list of the 500 supercomputers with the highest Linpack performance, the aggregate performance of the listed computers has grown 21% in the last seven months and 65% in the last year. This growth rate is slower than for other recent lists, but continues to compare favorably with the rate of improvement predicted by Moore’s Law (2x every 18 months)
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Ethernet in High Performance Computing Clusters
Clustering has emerged as a cost-effective architecture for building high performance computing facilities. To keep pace with this trend, the requirements for data center network equipment have evolved rapidly in an effort to keep pace with the four types of connections typically required in a cluster. These connections are I/O, out-of-band management, storage, and interconnect, and each has different design parameters and requirements. Traditionally, Ethernet was required in every cluster – providing some or all of the connections, depending on the cluster architecture. Recently, innovations in Ethernet make it an ideal connection for all of these connections. This paper examines the issues and tradeoffs in different technologies used for these connections.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Storage |
Force10’s FTOS Delivers End-to-End Reliability While Lowering Network TCO
For years, IT designed the enterprise network architecure to emphasize different characteristics at each layer – high performance and high availability in the data center, scalability in the LAN core and low cost and basic functionality in the wiring closet. Those design principles make sense when applications are centralized and data is the sole traffic on the network. However, today’s network environment is much richer and more dynamic, supporting a fluid mix of new applications and traffic types.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Building Scalable, High Performance Cluster and Grid Networks: The Role of Ethernet
A Grid computer is a hardware and software system that integrates a collection of distributed system components (e.g., computer systems, storage, etc.) making them appear to the user as a single, large ""virtualized"" computing system. The basic ""single system"" concept may be applied to the construction of centralized ""cluster"" computers (multiprocessor systems consisting of colocated computers and storage) or a networked grid of geographically dispersed computers, instrumentation, or other resources.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Storage |
| Sector: | Construction |
Building Scalable Digital Media Post Production Networks: The Role of Ethernet
The film, broadcast, and music industries historically have been dependent upon analog media production technology. Though analog devices are still pervasive in the industry today, media development schedules continue to be impacted by the inherent physical limitations such as processing time, linear editing, inability to re-purpose, and eventual media decay. The effects of these limitations add costs and time to media development and distribution.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Media |
| Sector: | Technology |
Best Effort Traffic Drives Service Providers to Simpler, Faster Cores
A funny thing happened on the way to converged networks — the volume of best effort traffic exploded, fueled by unexpectedly rapid adoption of peer-to-peer and content applications. Everyone from pre-teens to grandma is swapping photos, video clips and music, not to mention blogging.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
Benchmarking Uptime for Your Business: Methodology and Best Practices
As networked software and computer applications play an ever more significant role in business operations and in employee communications, the old slogan that the ""Network is the Computer"" has become something of an understatement. In fact, for many organizations, the Ethernet network not only provides the basic Intranet/Internet connectivity for user productivity software, but also is an essential component of the supercomputer cluster, the mainframe, the data storage system, the eCommerce portal and the enterprise telephone system.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Storage |
About the 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard
10 GbE Physical layer specifications (PHY) and supported media and reaches, as defined in IEEE 802.3 2005, are shown in Figure 1 below. In Ethernet standards, the different optical and copper media are known as types of physical media-dependent interfaces (PMDs).
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Sector: | Media |
FTOS: A Modular and Portable Switch/Router Operating System Optimized for Resiliency and Scalability
As Ethernet switch/routers continue to scale in terms of link speed and port density, device resiliency is becoming an indispensable system attribute. For example, high degrees of traffic aggregation mean that even short periods of interrupted operation can disrupt a large number of traffic flows and users, potentially violating numerous SLAs.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN PHY
The introduction of 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) WAN PHY into the IP/Ethernet networking community has led to confusion over the applicability between 10 GbE WAN PHY and OC-192c/STM-64 interfaces. Both of these interfaces support transmission at 9.6 Gbps, support SONET/SDH framing, and can be connected to SONET/SDH ADM or DWDM gear. So what is the difference? The answer can be boiled down to two things: L2/L3 protocol support, and link diagnostic and maintenance capabilities.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Networking |
10 Gigabit Ethernet Virtual Data Center Architectures
Consolidation of data center resources offers an opportunity for architectural transformation based on the use of scalable, high density, high availability technology solutions, such as high port-density 10 GbE switch/routers, cluster and grid computing, blade or rack servers, and network attached storage. Consolidation also opens doors for virtualization of applications, servers, storage, and networks. This suite of highly complementary technologies has now matured to the point where mainstream adoption in large data centers has been occurring for some time.
Download Link| Manufacturer: | Blade |
| Manufacturer: | Force10 |
| Technology: | Storage |
| Sector: | Technology |
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